Ap Focus Review Guide for Biology Basic Chem

Are y'all planning on taking the AP® Biology test? If and then, let'due south go you prepared in this AP® Biology review by learning more about the exam and how to written report then that y'all can feel confident and earn your best score and potentially higher credit.

The AP® Biology exam is graded on a calibration of i-five, and you can earn college credits at many colleges for receiving a score as low as a iii, which is estimated to be approximately equivalent to earning a C, C+, or B- in a college-level biology course. Still, there is quite a chip of variation between colleges in what test scores they will award credit for, if any, so be sure to check with the specific colleges in which you are interested to see what score(s) they accept.

In this AP® Biology review postal service, we'll get over central questions yous may have nigh the exam, how to study for AP® Biology, and how to review and utilize AP® Biological science test practice resource, including AP® Biology exercise tests, as y'all begin preparing for your examination.

Are y'all ready? Let's become started.

• What's the Format of the 2022 AP® Biology Exam?
• How Long is the AP® Biological science Examination?
• How Many Questions Does AP® Biology Have?
• What Topics are Covered on AP® Biology?
• What Do AP® Biology Questions Expect Like?
• What Tin can You lot Bring to the AP® Biology Examination?
• How to Study for AP® Biology: v Steps to Get a 5
• AP® Biology Review: xv Must Know Written report Tips
• AP® Biological science: 5 Exam Twenty-four hours Tips to Remember
• AP® Biological science Review Notes and Practice Test Resources
• Summary: The Best AP® Biological science Review Guide

What'southward the Format of the 2022 AP® Biological science Examination?

The AP® Biology exam is equanimous of 2 sections: multiple selection and complimentary response. In that location are 60 multiple choice questions and 6 free-response questions (2 long-answer questions and 4 short-answer questions).

Section	# of Questions	Time Limit	% of Overall Score
I: Multiple Choice	sixty	90 minutes	50%
II: Free Response	vi	90 minutes	50%

Source: Higher Lath

For the 2022 exam season, the AP® Biology examination is being offered in simply paper-and-pencil format (in previous years, the exam was offered digitally as a result of COVID-19).

How Long is the AP® Biology Exam?

The AP® Biology exam is a 3 hour exam. Students will accept 90 minutes to complete threescore multiple choice questions and another 90 minutes to complete 6 free-response questions.

How Many Questions Does AP® Biological science Take?

The AP® Biological science exam has sixty multiple selection questions and six free-response questions. Of the 6 gratis-response questions, 4 are short-answer questions while the other 2 are long-answer questions.

What Topics are Covered on AP® Biological science?

There are two types of questions on the AP® Biology exam: multiple choice and costless response.

Section I: Multiple Choice

The AP® Biology exam multiple choice section assesses both content knowledge and science practices , with questions designed to practice both. These multiple choice questions may exist either private or in sets of four to five questions per fix.

The content knowledge within the eight dissimilar form units is broken downwards into four big ideas , with learning objectives related to each:

• Development (EVO)
• Energetics (ENE)
• data Storage and Transmission (IST)
• Systems Interactions (SYI)

Questions within each content area, with the relevant learning objectives addressed, are weighted in the multiple choice department every bit shown; resource for study, AP® Biology review, and AP® Biology exam practice for each section are also provided. You can utilize this to make an AP® Biological science study guide.

Units, Topics, and Learning Objectives	Weighting on Exam	Resources
Unit 1: Chemistry of Life i.1: Structure of H2o and Hydrogen Bonding: SYI-ane.A: Explain how the backdrop of water that result from its polarity and hydrogen bonding affect its biological part. 1.ii: Elements of Life: ENE-1.A: Draw the composition of macromolecules required by living organisms. 1.3: Introduction to Biological Macromolecules: SYI-1.B: Draw the backdrop of the monomers and the type of bonds that connect the monomers in biological macromolecules. 1.four: Properties of Biological Macromolecules: SYI-1.B: Depict the properties of the monomers and the type of bonds that connect the monomers in biological macromolecules. 1.five: Construction and Function of Biological Macromolecules: SYI-1.C: Explain how a change in the subunits of a polymer may lead to changes in structure or function of the macromolecule. ane.6: Nucleic Acids: IST-ane.A: Describe the structural similarities and differences between DNA and RNA.	8-11%	The Chemical Foundation of Life Key Terms AP® Examination Prep Questions Science Practice Claiming Questions Biological Macromolecules Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions Albert Exercise Questions: Unit one
Unit 2: Cell Construction and Function 2.one: Jail cell Structure: Subcellular Components: SYI-i.D: Describe the structure and/ or function of subcellular components and organelles. ii.2: Prison cell Structure and Office: SYI-i.Due east: Explain how subcellular components and organelles contribute to the function of the jail cell. SYI-ane.F: Depict the structural features of a cell that allow organisms to capture, store, and utilise energy. 2.three: Cell Size: ENE-i.B: Explain the effect of area-to-volume ratios on the exchange of materials between cells or organisms and the surroundings. ENE-ane.C: Explain how specialized structures and strategies are used for the efficient exchange of molecules to the environment. 2.4: Plasma Membranes: ENE-ii.A: Describe the roles of each of the components of the cell membrane in maintaining the internal environment of the cell. ENE-2.B: Describe the Fluid Mosaic Model of cell membranes. 2.5: Membrane Permeability: ENE-ii.C: Explain how the structure of biological membranes influences selective permeability. ENE-2.D: Describe the role of the cell wall in maintaining cell construction and part. ii.six: Membrane Transport: ENE-2.E: Describe the mechanisms that organisms use to maintain solute and h2o balance. ENE-2.F: Draw the mechanisms that organisms use to transport big molecules beyond the plasma membrane. ii.7: Facilitated Diffusion: ENE-2.G: Explain how the structure of a molecule affects its ability to pass through the plasma membrane. 2.8: Tonicity and Osmoregulation: ENE-2.H: Explain how concentration gradients affect the movement of molecules across membranes. ENE-two.I: Explain how osmoregulatory mechanisms contribute to the wellness and survival of organisms. 2.9: Mechanisms of Ship: ENE-two.J: Describe the processes that allow ions and other molecules to move beyond membranes. two.10: Cell Compartmentalization: ENE-2.Chiliad: Describe the membrane- bound structures of the eukaryotic cell. ENE-2.L: Explain how internal membranes and membrane- bound organelles contribute to compartmentalization of eukaryotic jail cell functions. two.11: Origin of Cell Compartmentalization: EVO-one.A: Describe similarities and/or differences in compartmentalization between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. EVO-1.B: Describe the human relationship betwixt the functions of endosymbiotic organelles and their costless-living bequeathed counterparts.	10-thirteen%	Cell Construction Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions Structure and Part of Plasma Membranes Cardinal Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Do Challenge Questions Albert Practice Questions: Unit 2
Unit iii: Cellular Energetics three.one: Enzyme Structure: ENE-ane.D: Draw the properties of enzymes. iii.2: Enzyme Catalysis: ENE-1.E: Explain how enzymes affect the rate of biological reactions. three.3: Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function: ENE-1.F: Explain how changes to the structure of an enzyme may affect its function. ENE-1.Thousand: Explain how the cellular environment affects enzyme activity. three.4: Cellular Energy: ENE-1.H: Describe the role of energy in living organisms. 3.5: Photosynthesis: ENE-one.I: Describe the photosynthetic processes that allow organisms to capture and store free energy. ENE-1.J: Explain how cells capture energy from low-cal and transfer it to biological molecules for storage and use. 3.6: Cellular Respiration: ENE-1.K: Describe the processes that let organisms to employ energy stored in biological macromolecules. ENE-i.Fifty: Explain how cells obtain energy from biological macromolecules in club to power cellular functions. three.7: Fitness: SYI-iii.A: Explicate the connectedness between variation in the number and types of molecules within cells to the ability of the organism to survive and/or reproduce in unlike environments.	12-16%	Metabolism Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions Cellular Respiration Key Terms AP® Examination Prep Questions Science Practise Challenge Questions Photosynthesis Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Practise Claiming Questions Albert Do Questions: Unit three
Unit of measurement four: Cell Communication and Cell Bike 4.1: Cell Communication: IST-3.A: Depict the ways that cells tin can communicate with i another. IST-3.B: Explicate how cells communicate with one some other over short and long distances. four.ii: Introduction to Indicate Transduction: IST-iii.C: Describe the components of a signal transduction pathway. IST-iii.D: Describe the role of components of a point transduction pathway in producing a cellular response. 4.3: Indicate Transduction: IST-iii.E: Describe the role of the surroundings in eliciting a cellular response. IST-3.F: Describe the dissimilar types of cellular responses elicited by a point transduction pathway. 4.4: Changes in Signal Transduction Pathways: IST-three.1000: Explicate how a change in the structure of whatever signaling molecule affects the activity of the signaling pathway. 4.five: Feedback: ENE-three.A: Describe positive and/ or negative feedback mechanisms. ENE-3.B: Explicate how negative feedback helps to maintain homeostasis. ENE-3.C: Explicate how positive feedback affects homeostasis. four.half dozen: Cell Bike: IST-1.B: Describe the events that occur in the cell cycle. IST-1.C: Explain how mitosis results in the manual of chromosomes from ane generation to the side by side. 4.7: Regulation of Prison cell Cycle: IST-ane.D: Describe the part of checkpoints in regulating the cell cycle. IST-1.E: Describe the effects of disruptions to the cell bicycle on the cell or organism.	x-15%	Prison cell Advice Key Terms AP® Examination Prep Questions Scientific discipline Practice Claiming Questions Cell Reproduction Key Terms AP® Examination Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions Albert Practice Questions: Unit of measurement 4
Unit of measurement 5: Heredity five.1: Meiosis: IST-1.F: Explain how meiosis results in the transmission of chromosomes from one generation to the adjacent. IST-i.G: Draw similarities and/ or differences between the phases and outcomes of mitosis and meiosis. 5.two: Meiosis and Genetic Variety: IST-ane.H: Explain how the procedure of meiosis generates genetic diversity. v.3: Mendelian Genetics: EVO-2.A: Explain how shared, conserved, fundamental processes and features support the concept of common ancestry for all organisms. IST-ane.I: Explicate the inheritance of genes and traits every bit described past Mendel's laws. five.iv: Non-Mendelian Genetics: IST-i.J: Explicate deviations from Mendel's model of the inheritance of traits. 5.v: Environmental Effects on Phenotype: SYI-3.B: Explicate how the same genotype tin can result in multiple phenotypes under different environmental atmospheric condition. 5.six: Chromosomal Inheritance: SYI-3.C: Explicate how chromosomal inheritance generates genetic variation in sexual reproduction.	8-xi%	Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Do Challenge Questions Mendel'southward Experiments and Heredity Primal Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Practice Claiming Questions Modern Understandings of Inheritance Central Terms AP® Exam Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions Albert Practice Questions: Unit of measurement 5
Unit 6: Gene Expression and Regulation vi.ane: DNA and RNA Structure: IST-1.Chiliad: Describe the structures involved in passing hereditary information from one generation to the next.IST-one.L: Describe the characteristics of Dna that allow it to be used as the hereditary material. 6.ii: Replication: IST-1.M: Describe the mechanisms by which genetic information is copied for transmission betwixt generations. 6.3: Transcription and RNA Processing: IST-1.N: Draw the mechanisms by which genetic data flows from DNA to RNA to protein. 6.4: Translation: IST-1.O: Explain how the phenotype of an organism is adamant by its genotype. half dozen.5: Regulation of Gene Expression: IST-2.A: Describe the types of interactions that regulate factor expression. IST-2.B: Explain how the location of regulatory sequences relates to their part. 6.six: Cistron Expression and Prison cell Specialization: IST-ii.C: Explain how the bounden of transcription factors to promoter regions affects cistron expression and/or the phenotype of the organism. IST-2.D: Explain the connection betwixt the regulation of cistron expression and phenotypic differences in cells and organisms. 6.7: Mutations: IST-2.E: Describe the various types of mutation. IST-four.A: Explain how changes in genotype may result in changes in phenotype. IST-4.B: Explain how alterations in DNA sequences contribute to variation that tin be field of study to natural choice. six.viii: Biotechnology: IST-i.P: Explicate the apply of genetic technology techniques in analyzing or manipulating DNA.	12-16%	Dna Structure and Function Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions Genes and Proteins Key Terms AP® Exam Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions Gene Regulation Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions Biotechnology and Genomics Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions Albert Practice Questions: Unit half-dozen
Unit of measurement 7: Natural Selection 7.1: Introduction to Natural Choice: EVO-1.C: Describe the causes of natural choice. EVO-one.D: Explain how natural option affects populations. 7.ii: Natural Choice: EVO-1.E: Draw the importance of phenotypic variation in a population. 7.iii: Artificial Selection: EVO-1.F: Explain how humans tin bear upon variety within a population. EVO-ane.Yard: Explicate the relationship between changes in the surroundings and evolutionary changes in the population. vii.4: Population Genetics: EVO-ane.H: Explicate how random occurrences affect the genetic makeup of a population. EVO-one.I: Describe the role of random processes in the development of specific populations. EVO-i.J: Describe the modify in the genetic makeup of a population over time. 7.5: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: EVO-one.Thou: Describe the conditions under which allele and genotype frequencies volition change in populations. EVO-1.Fifty: Explain the impacts on the population if whatever of the weather condition of Hardy-Weinberg are not met. 7.6: Evidence of Evolution: EVO-i.Yard: Describe the types of information that provide evidence for development. EVO-1.Due north: Explicate how morphological, biochemical, and geological data provide evidence that organisms have changed over fourth dimension. EVO-2.B: Draw the central molecular and cellular features shared across all domains of life, which provide testify of common ancestry. 7.7: Common Beginnings: EVO-2.C: Describe structural and functional evidence on cellular and molecular levels that provides prove for the common ancestry of all eukaryotes. 7.eight: Continuing Evolution: EVO-iii.A: Explain how evolution is an ongoing process in all living organisms. 7.9: Phylogeny: EVO-iii.B: Depict the types of evidence that tin be used to infer an evolutionary relationship. EVO-3.C: Explain how a phylogenetic tree and/or cladogram can be used to infer evolutionary relatedness. 7.10: Speciation: EVO-3.D: Depict the conditions under which new species may arise. EVO-3.E: Describe the rate of evolution and speciation under different ecological atmospheric condition. EVO-3.F: Explain the processes and mechanisms that drive speciation. vii.11: Extinction: EVO-three.Grand: Describe factors that lead to the extinction of a population. EVO-iii.H: Explain how the risk of extinction is affected past changes in the environment. EVO-3.I: Explain species variety in an ecosystem as a part of speciation and extinction rates. EVO-3.J: Explain how extinction can make new environments available for adaptive radiation. 7.12: Variations in Populations: SYI-3.D: Explain how the genetic diverseness of a species or population affects its ability to withstand environmental pressures. 7.13: Origins of Life on Earth: SYI-3.E: Draw the scientific evidence that provides support for models of the origin of life on Earth.	13-20%	Evolution and Origin of Species Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Scientific discipline Practice Challenge Questions The Development of Populations Primal Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Scientific discipline Do Claiming Questions Phylogenies and the History of Life Central Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Scientific discipline Practice Claiming Questions Albert Practise Questions: Unit seven
Unit of measurement 8: Ecology 8.1: Responses to the Environment: ENE-3.D: Explicate how the behavioral and/or physiological response of an organism is related to changes in internal or external environment. IST-five.A: Explain how the behavioral responses of organisms touch their overall fitness and may contribute to the success of the population. 8.two: Energy Period Through Ecosystems: ENE-1.M: Describe the strategies organisms use to learn and employ energy. ENE-i.N: Explain how changes in energy availability bear on populations and ecosystems. ENE-1.O: Explicate how the activities of autotrophs and heterotrophs enable the period of energy within an ecosystem. 8.3: Population Ecology: SYI-1.G: Describe factors that influence growth dynamics of populations. 8.4: Outcome of Density of Populations: SYI-ane.H: Explain how the density of a population affects and is adamant past resources availability in the environs. 8.5: Customs Ecology: ENE-4.A: Draw the structure of a community co-ordinate to its species composition and multifariousness. ENE-4.B: Explain how interactions within and among populations influence community construction. ENE-4.C: Explain how community construction is related to energy availability in the environment. viii.6: Biodiversity: SYI-iii.F: Describe the human relationship between ecosystem diverseness and its resilience to changes in the environment. SYI-3.G: Explain how the add-on or removal of any component of an ecosystem volition impact its overall short-term and long-term construction. eight.7: Disruptions to Ecosystems: EVO-ane.O: Explain the interaction between the environs and random or preexisting variations in populations. SYI-2.A: Explicate how invasive species touch ecosystem dynamics. SYI-2.B: Explain how geological and meteorological activity leads to changes in ecosystem construction and/or dynamics.	10-15%	Ecology and the Biosphere Central Terms AP® Exam Prep Questions Science Practise Challenge Questions Population and Community Ecology Key Terms AP® Examination Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions Ecosystems Cardinal Terms AP® Examination Prep Questions Science Practice Challenge Questions Conservation Biology and Biodiversity Key Terms AP® Test Prep Questions Albert Practice Questions: Unit of measurement eight

Source: College Board

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While there are no units specifically devoted to prokaryotes and viruses, having a basic agreement of prokaryotic and virus structure, evolution, ecology, and diverseness will be helpful since prokaryotic and eukaryotic mechanisms are compared in various units. Thus, we recommend that you review this information too.

The six unlike science practices are divided into skills and are also assessed in the multiple choice department and weighted as shown:

Science Practise and Skills (A, B, C, etc.)	Weighting on Exam
i. Concept Explanation: Explicate biological concepts, processes, and models presented in written format. 1.A: Depict biological concepts and/or processes. 1.B: Explain biological concepts and/or processes. 1.C: Explain biological concepts, processes, and/or models in applied contexts.	25-33%
2. Visual Representations: Clarify visual representations of biological concepts and processes. 2.A: Describe characteristics of a biological concept, process, or model represented visually. 2.B: Explicate relationships between different characteristics of biological concepts, processes, or models represented visually In theoretical contexts. In practical contexts. two.C: Explain how biological concepts or processes represented visually chronicle to larger biological principles, concepts, processes, or theories. two.D: Represent relationships within biological models, including Mathematical models Diagrams Period charts	sixteen-24%
3. Questions and Methods: Decide scientific questions and methods. 3.A: Place or pose a testable question based on an observation, data, or a model. three.B: Country the null or alternative hypotheses, or predict the results of an experiment. 3.C: Identify experimental procedures that are aligned to the question, including Identifying dependent and independent variables. Identifying advisable controls. Justifying appropriate controls. 3.D: Propose a new/side by side investigation based on An evaluation of the evidence from an experiment. An evaluation of the design/methods.	viii-14%
iv. Representing and Describing Data: Represent and describe information. 4.A: Construct a graph, plot, or chart ( X,Y; Log Y; Bar; Histogram; Line, Dual Y; Box and Whisker; Pie ). Orientation Labeling Units Scaling Plotting Type Tendency line 4.B: Describe data from a table or graph, including Identifying specific data points. Describing trends and/or patterns in the data. Describing relationships between variables.	8-fourteen%
five. Statistical Tests and Data Assay: Perform statistical tests and mathematical calculations to clarify and interpret data. 5.A: Perform mathematical calculations, including Mathematical equations in the curriculum. Ways. Rates. Ratios. Percentages. five.B: Utilise confidence intervals and/or error bars (both determined using standard errors) to make up one's mind whether sample means are statistically different. 5.C: Perform chi-foursquare hypothesis testing. 5.D: Use data to evaluate a hypothesis (or prediction), including Rejecting or failing to decline the null hypothesis. Supporting or refuting the alternative hypothesis.	viii-14%
half dozen. Argumentation: Develop and justify scientific arguments using evidence. half dozen.A: Make a scientific merits. 6.B: Support a claim with evidence from biological principles, concepts, processes, and/or data. 6.C: Provide reasoning to justify a merits past connecting evidence to biological theories. 6.D: Explain the human relationship between experimental results and larger biological concepts, processes, or theories. 6.Eastward: Predict the causes or furnishings of a alter in, or disruption to, one or more components in a biological organisation based on Biological concepts or processes. A visual representation of a biological concept, process, or model. Data.	20-26%

Source: College Board

You can also get AP® Biology exam practice in both the science do and content cognition by completing the Albert practice questions associated with each of thirteen lab activities.

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Department 2: Free Response

The AP® Biological science complimentary response questions are also designed to assess both content knowledge and science practices and are organized around the science practices and the four big ideas for the class.

The costless response questions are designed as follows, with each of the short-answer questions also assessing one of the four large ideas:

Free Response Question	Point Breakup and Total
#1: Long-Answer: Interpreting and Evaluating Experimental Results: gives an accurate scenario with data tabular array or graph	Part A: depict/explicate biological concepts/processes/models (1-2 pts.) Part B: identify experimental design procedures (3-4 pts.) Role C: clarify data (ane-3 pts.) Office D: make and justify predictions (2-iv pts.) Total: viii-10 pts.
#two: Long-Answer: Interpreting and Evaluating Experimental Results with Graphing: gives an authentic scenario with data table	Office A: draw/explain biological concepts/processes/models (ane-two pts.) Office B: construct graph/plot/chart using confidence intervals/fault bars (4 pts.) Part C: analyze data (1-iii pts.) Function D: make and justify predictions (ane-three pts.) Total: 8-10 pts.
#3: Short-Answer: Scientific Investigation: describes a lab investigation scenario	Role A: depict biological concepts/processes (i pt.) Role B: place experimental procedures (1 pt.) Part C: predict results (ane pt.) Role D: justify predictions (one pt.) Total: 4 pts.
#4: Short-Respond: Conceptual Analysis: gives an authentic scenario describing biological phenomenon with a disruption	Function A: describe biological concepts/processes (one pt.) Part B: explain biological concepts/processes (one pt.) Part C: predict causes/effects of change in biological organisation (i pt.) Part D: justify predictions (1 pt.) Total: 4 pts.
#v: Short-Answer: Analyze Model or Visual Representation: give an accurate scenario with visual model or representation	Part A: describe characteristics of biological concept/procedure/model represented visually (1 pt.) Part B: explain relationships between different characteristics of biological concept/process represented visually (i pt.) Function C: represent relationships inside biological model (one pt.) Role D: explain how biological concept or process represented visually relates to larger biological principle/concept/process/theory (1 pt.) Total: 4 pts.
#6: Short-Answer: Analyze Information: gives data in a graph, table, or other visual representation	Part A: depict data (1 pt.) Part B: describe information (1 pt.) Part C: employ information to evaluate hypothesis/prediction (ane pt.) Part D: explain how experimental results relate to 1+ larger biological principle/concept/process/theory (1 pt.) Total: 4 pts.

Source: Higher Board

You will be provided an AP® Biology Equations and Formulas Canvass that you may use on either section of the exam. You are also permitted to employ a four-function, scientific, or graphing calculator throughout the exam.

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What Practise AP® Biological science Questions Await Similar?

Because taking an examination is a skill, completing AP® Biological science exam practice questions, then reviewing the answers carefully, is a slap-up way to ready for the AP® Biology test so that you are not caught off guard past any content or question formats. The AP® Biological science Course and Exam Description (CED) for AP® Biological science from the College Board provides 15 multiple pick practice questions and correct answers that accost content noesis from all viii units as well as skills from all six scientific discipline practices.

The CED for AP® Biology also provides two exercise free response questions (one long-answer question and i short-answer question) with detailed grading rubrics. The College Board has also released the free-response questions with scoring guidelines from the final 20 years' worth of exams through 2019. The College Lath has likewise released a complete exercise exam with answers based upon the 2013 examination . Albert also provides a wide diverseness of both AP® Biology exam practice multiple option and complimentary-response questions and answers, too as unit assessments and complete AP® Biology do tests .

Multiple Choice Examples

Here are some examples of the types of multiple option questions you lot may meet, likewise as the correct respond, unit(due south), and scientific discipline exercise(due south) that each question (or question set) assesses.

Example #1:

AP® Biology Course and Exam Description (CED) – MC Instance #10

Correct Answer: C

This question challenges students on i core principle and one science practice.

For Unit 2 (Cell Construction and Function), you should flag the topic of tonicity and osmoregulation as important.

For Science Do 2 (Visual Representations), y'all should flag the post-obit as important:

• Explicate relationships betwixt different characteristics of biological concepts, processes, or models represented visually in practical contexts.

Example #2:

AP® Biology Course and Exam Description (CED) – MC Instance #12

Correct Answer: C

This question challenges students on 1 core principle and i science practise.

For Unit i (Chemistry of Life), you should flag the topic of properties of biological macromolecules every bit important.

For Science Practice 1 (Concept Caption), you should flag the following as important:

• Explain biological concepts and/or processes.

AP® Biological science Practice Examination from the 2013 Assistants – MC Examples #ten-13

Examples #three-half-dozen

Correct Answer #10: C

Correct Respond #11: B

Correct Reply #12: D

Correct Answer #13: B

These questions challenge students on one cadre principle and two science practices.

For Unit viii (Environmental), you should flag the topic of population environmental as of import.

For Science Practice 2 (Visual Representations), yous should flag the following as important:

• Explain relationships between different characteristics of biological concepts, processes, or models represented visually in applied contexts.

For Science Do 6 (Argumentation), y'all should flag the following equally of import:

• Back up a claim with show from biological principles, concepts, processes, and/or data.
• Provide reasoning to justify a claim past connecting evidence to biological theories.
• Predict the causes or furnishings of a change in, or disruption to, one or more components in a biological system based on data.

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Free-Response Examples

Annotation that the specific focus of each gratis-response question is more targeted than in years past.

When writing answers to free response questions, be sure to write your answers in the designated space simply and in complete paragraphs. Bulleted lists, outlines, and diagrams without explanation are non acceptable and volition not be graded. Besides be certain that y'all well understand the various task verbs used, as explained in the AP® Biology Course and Exam Description (CED) .

Here are 2 examples of the types of free response questions you lot may see, as well as the right respond, scoring rubric, and commentary for each question. The unit(due south), and science practice(s) that each question assesses is too provided. One long-answer question and one short-answer question are shown.

Example #ane: AP® Biology Long-Answer Free-Response:

Carefully review the scoring rubric provided for this question.

This question challenges students on three core principles: Natural Selection (Unit 7), Gene Expression and Regulation (Unit six), and the Chemical science of Life (Unit 1).

Here's the content that you should flag as important from this question:

• Unit 7: Natural Selection, Population Genetics, and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
• Unit of measurement six: Mutations
• Unit 1: Structure and Role of Macromolecules

This question also covers 4 of the scientific discipline practices: Concept Explanation (Science Do one), Questions and Methods (Science Do 3), Representing and Describing Data (Science Practice iv), Statistical Tests and Information Analysis (Science Practice 5).

Here'south the science practices that you should flag as of import from this question:

Scientific discipline Practice 1: Concept Explanation:

• Depict biological concepts and/or processes.
• Explain biological concepts, processes, and/or models in applied contexts.

Science Exercise three: Questions and Methods:

• State the zippo or alternative hypotheses, or predict the results of an experiment.
  • Identify experimental procedures that are aligned to the question

Science Practise iv: Representing and Describing Data:

• Describe information from a table or graph.
• Science Practise 5: Statistical Tests and Information Assay: Perform mathematical calculations.
• Science Practice half-dozen: Argumentation: Back up a claim with evidence from biological principles, concepts, processes, and/or data.

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Instance #2: AP® Biological science Short-Respond Free-Response:

Carefully review the scoring rubric provided for this question.

This question challenges students on one core principle, Heredity (Unit 5).

Here's the content that you lot should flag as important from this question:

• Unit 5: Meiosis and Genetic Diversity, Mendelian Genetics

Here's the science practices that you should flag as important from this question:

• Science Practise one: Concept Explanation: Describe biological concepts and/or processes.

• Scientific discipline Practice 2: Visual Representations:Explain relationships between dissimilar characteristics of biological concepts, processes, or models represented visually

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What Tin You Bring to the AP® Biological science Exam?

Make sure you arrive at least 15 minutes early to your testing location.

The College Board is rather specific about what you can and cannot bring to the AP® Biology exam. Yous are at risk of having your score not count if you do not carefully follow instructions. We recommend that yous carefully review these guidelines and pack your bag the night earlier and so that you do not have whatsoever additional stress on the morning of the exam.

What You Should Bring to Your AP® Biological science Exam:

Yous should bring:

• At least 2 sharpened No. 2 pencils for completing the multiple choice section.
• At least 2 pens with black or blue ink simply. These are used to complete certain areas of your exam booklet covers and to write your costless-response questions. The College Board is very specific that pens should be black or bluish ink but, so delight double-check!
• A iv-function, scientific, or graphing calculator to use on both the multiple choice and free-response sections of the exam. You lot may actually bring two calculators. Calculators cannot connect to the internet, brand racket, or have a stylus or keyboard. For more information well-nigh acceptable versus unacceptable calculators, look here .
• If y'all do not attend the school where you are taking an examination, you must bring a government issued or school issued photo ID.
• If you receive any testing accommodations , be sure that you bring your College Board SSD Accommodations Letter.

What You Should Not Bring to Your AP® Biological science Exam:

You lot should non bring:

• Electronic devices of any kind, as listed beneath, beyond the permitted calculators are prohibited in both the exam room and intermission areas:
  • phones
  • smartwatches and other wearable technology (including watches that beep or have alarms)
  • tablets
  • cameras
  • laptops
  • split timers
  • devices that access the internet or communicate in any manner
• Mechanical pencils, colored pencils, or pens that do not have blackness/bluish ink
• Your own scratch paper
• Reference guides (note that yous volition exist provided with an AP® Biology Equations and Formulas Sheet )
• Food or drink, including bottled water, are not permitted in the exam room, simply are permitted in the interruption room

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How to Written report for AP® Biology: 5 Steps to Go a 5

1. Take an AP® Biology practice examination. (3 hours)

Place your areas of strength likewise as focus areas for review by taking an Albert AP® Biology practice test . Be sure to have a four-function, scientific, or graphing figurer to apply.

two. Make a schedule. (1 hour)

Determine your examination date and format. Then, showtime preparing early, giving yourself at to the lowest degree two months if possible. Afterwards taking an Albert AP® Biology practice exam to identify areas for study, brand a schedule, giving yourself at least a calendar week for each content unit on your AP® Biology study guide.

• While you should prioritize fabric where you struggle, spending at least a week on each unit of measurement, also review those units you know better for at least 2-3 days each to stay sharp so that you can answer these questions quickly.
• If you lot are running brusque on report fourth dimension, prioritize Units iii, 6, and 7 since these are the nigh heavily weighted on the exam, and spend less time reviewing Units 1 and 5 since these will exist covered the least.

3. Review challenging concepts using your resources and build your AP® Biology study guide. (2-5 hours)

Apply your high school textbook and notes and other attainable materials (like OpenStax Biology , Khan Academy , or CK-12 ) for AP® Biological science review of the various content areas. Every bit you review each affiliate, build your AP® Biology study guide, the outline of which has already been provided higher up, to include important key words and concepts for each unit of measurement.

4. Utilize AP® Biology examination practice resource. (20-25 hours)

The best manner to become effective at test-taking is past answering lots and lots of AP® Biology exam practice questions considering practise makes perfect!

Use the AP® Biology exam practice questions provided by the College Board, the Albert AP® Biological science exam exercise questions for each unit of measurement, also as unit assessments to support your study.

5. Get more than AP® Biological science exam practice. (3 hours)

After completing steps ane-four, take some other Albert AP® Biology practice test to identify content areas that require more review.

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AP® Biology Review: xv Must Know Study Tips

5 AP® Biology Written report Tips to Do at Home:

1. Be consistent.

Devote time to studying and preparing daily. Fifty-fifty if it is just a few minutes on some days when you are busy, be certain to study each and every twenty-four hours.

ii. Use an app like Quizlet for studying key terms.

At that place are already a bunch flashcards and study guides preloaded into Quizlet (vocab lists from your textbook may already be available), or y'all can easily make your own. And so, you tin be reviewing primal terms and studying whenever yous have a few gratis moments (like standing in line at the store, riding the coach, etc.). If this doesn't piece of work for you, you tin can still brand flashcards the one-time-fashioned way using index cards.

iii. Remove distractions.

It is piece of cake to become distracted during studying by texting, SnapChats, e-mailing, listening to music, etc. Unfortunately, multitasking is ineffective; it takes nearly 25 minutes to return to a task afterward a distraction. Therefore, you can be much more time efficient and productive if you study distraction-free.

4. Written report with a buddy.

It can be helpful to meet and written report with a friend periodically. Information technology can be helpful to talk out concepts from your AP® Biological science report guide with each other because they might draw it differently and in a way that y'all more easily understand. Additionally, having regular appointments to do so can help to concord y'all accountable to get through your report programme at a regular stride and not slack off. However, while you can also schedule in fourth dimension for fun and hanging out after your study appointments, make sure that your planned written report time is focused on bodily studying.

5. Larn how to use your calculator.

Remember that yous cannot utilize your phone equally a computer on the AP® Biology test. Therefore, make sure that y'all have a figurer that meets the requirements and that you know how to use it. Practise using it as you complete AP® Biology exam practice questions and AP® Biological science practice tests. The first time y'all utilize it should Not be during the AP® Biology exam.

5 AP® Biological science Multiple Pick Study Tips:

1. Step yourself.

You will have ninety minutes to complete 60 multiple choice questions on the AP® Biology exam. Thus, you should spend no more ii minutes on any one question during your first pass through the questions (this assumes that you will move more quickly through other questions). If you get stuck, mark the question, eliminating any reply choices y'all tin can, and move on. Then, come back afterward after yous have completed all other questions. Brand sure you fill up in an answer for each question.

2. Imagine the correct answer.

After advisedly reading a question, come up with a mental image of an reply earlier examining the respond choices. Choose an answer that matches your mental paradigm and then justify your pick. And then, justify why you eliminated each of the other choices. If you cannot choose an reply, eliminate every bit many as possible, then brand your best choice. When using the Albert AP® Biological science Practice questions , carefully read the explanations of both the correct and wrong choices, even if you got the respond right.

three. Carefully examine whatever visual materials provided.

Make sure you lot examine whatsoever labels, titles, axes, and legends on tables, graphs, figures, or any other types of images so that you lot have a clear understanding of how to translate the visual materials provided in order to reply the questions associated with these materials.

4. Be set up to handle questions that are grouped as sets.

While many of the multiple selection questions are individual, y'all should expect a few sets of 2-4 questions. Make sure you know which questions are included as a question set. Questions within a set are all typically associated with one or more figures or tables. While these questions are related, don't give up if you don't know the answer to the first question. Each question can typically be answered independently of the others within the set.

5. Bank check your work.

If possible, plan to utilize at least 10-xv minutes of the exam time to bank check your piece of work. First, return to any questions that you plant hard to compete on the outset pass, being sure to select an answer. And then, review your answers to all of the questions, ensuring that you take answered each and every question.

five AP® Biological science Gratis Response Study Tips:

ane. Continue track of time.

You volition have 90 minutes to complete the 6 free response questions on the AP® Biological science test. Considering each of the two long-respond questions are more extensive and together are worth over one-half of the free response section (10 points each), yous should plan to spend well-nigh 20 minutes on each. Then, spend no more than 10 infinitesimal on each of the 4 brusque-answer questions (worth iv points each). Employ any remaining fourth dimension to review your answers, making certain they are complete.

2. Make sure you empathise the scoring rubrics.

The Higher Board has provided a clear scoring rubric for each of the six free response questions (provided above, from the AP® Biological science Course and Examination Clarification (CED) ). Be certain that you lot are writing your answers with these rubrics in mind, fully addressing each part. Additionally, within the AP® Biology Course and Examination Description (CED) ), the College Board has also provided detailed scoring guidelines (too provided higher up) for both a long-answer question and short-answer question. Review these advisedly, making sure you lot sympathise what is required to earn each and every point. While the Higher Board has also provided the scoring guidelines for the many free response questions from past exams that they have made available for practice, as well every bit Master Reader Reports from past exams that summarize both how students performed on a particular question and what the readers were looking for, call back that the focus of the gratis response questions on the 2021 AP® Biology test is different than in years by, and so these examples will be slightly dissimilar than what you volition see when you lot accept the exam.

three. Focus on the verbs.

For each question, focus on its verbs and other clarifying words. Underline or circle each bolded word besides as other central words. Make sure yous understand what each task verb is request yous to do. Review the listing of AP® job verbs provided higher up.

4. Write in consummate sentences and paragraphs.

The directions for the free response department clearly state that "outlines, bulleted lists, or diagrams lonely are not acceptable and will non be scored". Thus, make certain to write your answers in complete sentences and organize your thoughts into paragraphs, using the space provided for each question.

5. Ensure that you follow these 5 must-dos to answer each question completely:

• It is common for students to restate the question as they reply a gratuitous response question, but this is not necessary and is a waste of precious fourth dimension. Instead, focus on direct answering what the question is asking. Past Chief Reader Reports from the College Board recommend conscientious reading and addressing of the prompt.
• The free-response questions are normally broken into parts. Make sure that you reply each office. Additionally, brand sure that you are really answering what each question is asking.
• If a calculation is required, be sure to conspicuously mark your concluding reply, and evidence your piece of work every bit to how you lot reached that respond.
• If asked to brand a table or graph (at least one of the long-answer questions will require this), be sure to follow standard conventions: include a title, label columns or axes (including units), plot points. Draw a line or curve only through the information provided and do not extrapolate unless asked to do and then.
• Exist succinct just complete in your answers, completing each thought ("endmost the loop"). You will not earn points merely for quantity, just rather, for quality. The AP® graders volition not know what you were thinking or what you meant; they just know what you wrote. DO NOT PROVIDE But A Single Judgement Reply to whatsoever question.
• When making an statement, use the structure of "claim-evidence-reasoning", making certain that you include each of these three components in your respond.

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AP® Biology: v Test Mean solar day Tips to Think

1. Get a good night'due south sleep the night before.

Complete your intense studying past the afternoon the day before the exam, then have a proficient dinner and go a practiced night'southward sleep (6-eight hours, if possible). Set your alert, giving yourself plenty of time for breakfast and for driving to the exam site.

two. Pack your bag the night before:

Review the items that you are and are not immune to bring to the AP® Biology examination and pack appropriately. Use Albert's convenient checklist for packing. Include a snack and some water for the break room, but remember that these are not immune in the testing room.

iii. Replace the batteries in your calculator.

Because you lot don't want your figurer running out of juice during the examination, be sure to modify the batteries in your reckoner with a fresh set within a 24-hour interval or and so before the exam.

4. Eat a good for you breakfast.

Be sure to eat a good for you breakfast on the morning of the exam. Make sure that it includes both protein and carbs and is not all sugary foods. Also, effort to avoid over-caffeinating–y'all don't want to be jittery.

5. Make sure you are gratis of electronic gadgets.

In this day and age, we have become so accustomed to having or wearing technology. Be sure that you are engineering-gratis when walking into the exam room: no phones, earbuds, smart watches, bluetooth, etc.

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AP® Biology Review Notes and Do Test Resource

Here are our recommendations for resources to review for and prepare for the AP® Biology exam: Your Loftier School Biological science Textbook, Notes, Homework Assignments, Exams, Laboratory Activities, and Other Resource Provided past Your Teacher.

If y'all are taking an AP® Biology course, your teacher has carefully designed the grade to prepare you for the AP® Biology examination. Use the many resources that your teacher has provided for AP® Biology review, carefully reviewing your notes, exams, homework assignments, etc.

AP® Biological science Practice Materials Provided by the Higher Board:

The College Lath has provided quite a lot in the way of practice materials for the AP® Biology test. Throughout this document, we have mentioned the AP® Biological science Course and Exam Description (CED) multiple times. Yous should review this document carefully. Note that there are fifteen multiple pick practice questions and correct answers that address content knowledge from all eight units as well as skills from all six science practices. This document also provides ii practice free response questions (1 long-respond question and one curt-answer question) with detailed grading rubrics.

The College Lath has also released the gratuitous-response questions with scoring guidelines from the twenty years' worth of exams through 2019. The College Board has also released a complete AP® Biology practice test with answers based upon the 2013 exam . Annotation, however, that the format of the free-response department is changing slightly for the 2021 AP® Biology test; while in that location used to be 8 questions (2 long-answer questions and 6 curt-answer questions), the 2021 AP® Biology exam will have only 4 short-answer questions. Additionally, each question is more focused on specific skills than in years by, as indicated by the detailed scoring rubrics.

OpenStax AP® Biology Textbook and Resources :

This is a great freely available textbook with associated resource designed specifically for preparing for the AP® Biology examination. There are additional resources bachelor for students, including a student solutions manual (requires you to ready upward a free business relationship) that includes solutions to many of the questions inside the text. At that place is likewise a reading and notetaking guide that provides strategies for how to read the textbook and accept notes also as report.

• Use this site if: you are looking for a high-quality textbook specifically designed for preparing for the AP® Biology exam, including content knowledge and science practice questions at the end of each chapter.
• Practice not apply this site if: yous are looking for a variety of high-quality videos to display and prove the material.

Khan University AP/College Biology Resources :

The Khan Academy provides high quality, freely available, specific resource in support of preparing for the AP® Biology exam. Each department includes brusk readings and videos about the various topics, too as practice questions, quizzes, and unit tests. While y'all tin admission these materials without signing up or logging in, by setting up an business relationship, you lot can save your progress through the materials.

• Use this site if: y'all are a visual learner. In that location are lots of great videos available.
• Do not use this site if: you lot primarily acquire by reading just or if you lot notice it bothersome switching dorsum and forth between methods of content presentation.

CK-12 Biology for High Schoolhouse Resources :

This is another great freely available set of resources including the CK-12 Biological science Avant-garde Concepts FlexBook . Each section has practice questions associated with it.

• Apply this site if: you acquire well from completing worksheets (from the CK-12 Biology Workbook FlexBook ) and lots of sample quizzes and tests (from the CK-12 Biological science Quizzes and Tests FlexBook ).
• Do non utilise this site if: y'all are looking for a resource that is organized in the aforementioned way every bit the AP® Biology exam.

Albert AP® Biology Practice Questions, Unit Assessments, and Practise Exams :

Albert has developed a series of loftier-quality resources to back up yous in your preparation for the AP® Biological science test. In that location are AP® Biology test practice questions (both multiple choice and free response ) for each of the 8 content units, organized by the unit and topics plant on the AP® Biology exam. For each question, clear descriptions of the correct answer as well as explanations for eliminating the incorrect answers are provided. In that location are as well unit assessments for each of the 8 content units, every bit well as 4 complete AP® Biology Practice Exams . Albert as well provides questions to permit for the data assay from xiii dissimilar laboratory activities , allowing students to farther practice the Science Practices besides institute on the AP® Biology exam.

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Summary: The All-time AP® Biology Review Guide

We take covered a lot in this AP® Bio review guide, so permit's regroup and summarize:

Examination Structure: The exam volition take 3 hours to complete and is equanimous of 2 90-minute sections:

Department	# of Questions	Time Limit	% of Overall Score
I: Multiple Choice	sixty	90 minutes	50%
2: Free Response	6	90 minutes	50%

Source: Higher Board

Main Topics Covered: The test will cover 8 content units and 6 science practices, as shown below, with each question typically roofing ane or more of each:

8 Content Units:

• Unit 1: Chemistry of Life
• Unit 2: Cell Structure and Office
• Unit of measurement 3: Cellular Energetics
• Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Bicycle
• Unit of measurement 5: Heredity
• Unit of measurement six: Cistron Expression and Regulation
• Unit 7: Natural Selection
• Unit 8: Ecology

6 Science Practices:

• Scientific discipline Do 1: Concept Explanation
• Science Practice two: Visual Representations
• Science Practice 3: Questions and Methods
• Science Practice iv: Representing and Describing Data
• Science Practice five: Statistical Tests and Information Analysis
• Scientific discipline Exercise half dozen: Argumentation

How to Study for the AP® Biology Examination:

1. Take an AP® Biology practice test
2. Brand a schedule
3. Review challenging concepts using your resource and build your AP® Biology study guide
4. Use AP® Biology exam practice resources
5. Get more than AP® Biology exam practice

Nosotros promise you have plant this AP® Biological science review guide useful. If y'all worked hard throughout the year in your class, have built out a good AP® Biology study guide using the advice and resource provided here, and take practiced extensively (using lots of AP® Biological science practice questions and AP® Biology do tests), yous should feel positive and confident that you lot take what information technology takes to earn a strong score. Good luck!

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